基于GIS模板的地质剖面图模型及其实现   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王建芳  包世泰  余应刚  陈朝晖 《测绘科学》2008,33(5)

地质剖面图是表达地质信息的重要专题图件,不同于传统G IS水平空间制图,其表现内容繁杂、过程复杂。本文采用G IS模板技术,基于UML(统一建模语言)对剖面图要素进行概念模型和逻辑模型分析。针对地质剖面插值连线或填充制图的难题,采用贝塞尔曲面对剖面进行精确的空间插值。最后基于ArcEngine组件式G IS平台开发了剖面图动态制图系统,实现了地质空间数据库管理与剖面图自动制图的集成应用。  相似文献   

基于数字剖面的河流阶地与新构造运动研究 ——以内蒙古西拉木伦河河流阶地为例     

周文孝  葛梦春  于庆文  李超岭  赵温霞  谢德凡 《地质通报》2008,27(7):995-1001

野外调查发现在内蒙古东部西拉木伦河流域存在12级阶地序列。利用数字剖面野外系统对该河流阶地剖面的记录完成全程数字化采集,并进行数字剖面桌面系统厚度自动计算和剖面图、柱状图自动生成,发现该阶地序列中T7、T8、T9保存完好,而时代最为古老的T12 根据基座玄武岩形成于上新世—早更新世的年龄,其形成时代应为上新世—早更新世。通过计算新构造运动抬升速率,将其形成、演化过程划分为6个阶段。数据表明,自中新世以来,该地区新构造运动存在一定的周期性,在总体上新构造运动的强度逐渐趋于缓和。  相似文献   

快速绘制道路横断面图的一种新方法     

廖新玉  阿力甫  侯伟华 《测绘科学》2008,33(2):187-188,160

精确、快速地绘制横断面图是道路测量人员需要解决的难点,横断面图是道路工程计算土方量的惟一依据,因此受到许多施工单位的重视。本文使用Excel编辑Auto CAD命令的方法,使Excel处理的横断面数据、Auto CAD命令与AutoCAD绘制过程三者进行灵活链接。详细阐述了在不需要专业编程知识的情况下,利用Auto CAD和Excel精确自动地绘制道路横断面图的一种新方法。该方法不仅简单灵活,而且能提高工作效率以及保证工作质量。  相似文献   

Chronology of the shell bar section and a discussion on the ages of the Late Pleistocene lacustrine deposits in the paleolake Qarhan, Qaidam basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hucai Zhang  Guoliang Lei  Fengqin Chang  Yang Pu  Hongfang Fan  Yanbin Lei  Mingsheng Yang  Wenxiang Zhang  Lunqing Yang 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(2):225-235

Shell bar, composed of abundant fossil shells of Corbicula fluminea müller and Corbicula largillierti philippi and located at the southeastern end (36°30′N, 96°12′E) of the paleolake Quarhan, is one of the most prominent features in the Qaidam basin. It is the highest site where such species of fossil shells have been found in the Late Pleistocene age. A 2.6-m-thick fresh profile was manually excavated to determine the formation ages and the scope of the high paleolake levels. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), conventional radiocarbon dating, and sector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy ²³⁰Th methods were used to investigate the reliability and accuracy of dating results in different laboratories. Ages of various components (e.g. acid residual and acid soluble fraction of the organic matter) from the same sample were determined. Age differences of a variety of materials (e.g. organic matter, fossil shells, and salt crystals), and age differences at the same sampling position were evaluated. Dating shows that the AMS ages given by alkali residue and acid soluble fractions vary greatly, e.g., from 124.5 cm upwards. The dates given by the acid soluble fraction were normal. Down the column, the dates show a reverse pattern and those of alkali residues, especially the lower part of the section, show an unstable pattern. These imply that organic matter had been influenced by two separate processes. One possible explanation is that the alkali residual fraction most likely had been contaminated by dead carbon-bearing reworked material because the study section is located near the edge of the paleolake and could have been easily influenced by old eroded deposits. Another is that the acid soluble fraction could have been contaminated by upward-flowing groundwater containing soluble organic matter. The amount of this soluble organic material should be very small because the strongest age reversal is in the lower part, where the TOC content remains low, meaning that the change of soluble organic fraction alters neither TOC content nor the δ ¹³C dramatically. It is concluded that a uniform mega-paleolake developed in the Qaidam basin in the northeastern Tibetan plateau between 39.7 and 17.5 ¹⁴C kaB.P. During the period when the high paleolake level of Qarhan was formed, the huge paleolake covered a vast area with dramatic lake level fluctuations. It is found that the ages determined may be influenced by either radioactive ¹⁴C variations of repeated deposition or content variations in the atmosphere. The ages given by fossil shells are 15–18 ka older than those given by organic matter. The large differences between the ages of fossil shells and organic matter might have resulted from the large water areas and huge water volume and the special location of the high-elevation Qaidam basin. This study also shows the reliability and accuracy of the ²³⁰Th dating method on the salt crystals but further study is needed to determine whether this method could be applied to the study area. __________ Translated from Quaternary Sciences, 2007, 27(4): 511–521 [译自: 第四纪研究]  相似文献   

地震反演——煤田地震勘探的新进展     

崔若飞  孙学凯  崔大尉 《中国煤炭地质》2008,(6):49-52

地震反演根据数据来源、信息类型、反演结果及实现方法可划分不同种类,地震反演的基本方法可分为基于波动方程的反演和以地震褶积模型为基础的反演二大类。目前国内建立在地震记录褶积模型基础的主要反演软件有STRATA、JASON、ISIS。依托国家重大产业技术开发专项“西部煤炭资源高精度三维地震勘探技术”,在阳泉二矿7个钻孔中．应用STRATA和JASON软件对其三维地震资料进行波阻抗反演,其结果不仅可提高纵向分辨率,准确界定煤层顶、底板,提高下组弱反射煤层的连续性,而且通过波阻抗切片,可获得煤层及顶板的岩性信息。另外通过对比STRATA和JASON软件,发现前者的分辨率较高,而后者在波形连续性表现较好。  相似文献   

1960-2013年秦岭陕西段南北坡极端气温变化空间差异   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张扬  白红英  苏凯  黄晓月  孟清  郭少壮 《地理学报》2018,73(7):1296-1308

作为气候变化研究的重要内容,极端气温研究对生态环境保护和灾害事件预警具有重要意义。根据1960-2013年秦岭32个气象站点的逐日气温资料,采用RClimDex软件、克里格插值法、线性倾向估计法和相关性分析法,研究秦岭山地陕西段（简称秦岭）气温的空间分布特点,以及极端气温的空间变化特征。结果表明：① 1960-2013年秦岭年平均气温、年最高气温和年最低气温分别为10.48 ℃、16.44 ℃和6.18 ℃;秦岭北坡气温在低海拔区高于南坡,在中、高海拔区低于南坡;南北坡的气温差值在低海拔区域最小,中海拔区域最大。② 秦岭极端气温的频率、强度和持续时间均表现为增加趋势,极端气温变化的敏感区域位于南坡的镇安、柞水和北坡的周至、户县。③ 秦岭北坡极端气温频率的变化更明显,秦岭南坡极端气温强度和持续时间的变化更明显;且北坡的增温主要发生在夜间,南坡的增温主要发生在白昼。④ 秦岭极端气温的变暖速率随海拔升高而增大,高海拔区域极端气温频率和强度的变化最明显,中海拔区域极端气温持续时间的变化最明显。  相似文献   

Extracting cross sections and water levels of vegetated ditches from LiDAR point clouds     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

The hydrologic response of a catchment is sensitive to the morphology of the drainage network. Dimensions of bigger channels are usually well known, however, geometrical data for man-made ditches is often missing as there are many and small. Aerial LiDAR data offers the possibility to extract these small geometrical features. Analysing the three-dimensional point clouds directly will maintain the highest degree of information. A longitudinal and cross-sectional buffer were used to extract the cross-sectional profile points from the LiDAR point cloud. The profile was represented by spline functions fitted through the minimum envelop of the extracted points. The cross-sectional ditch profiles were classified for the presence of water and vegetation based on the normalized difference water index and the spatial characteristics of the points along the profile. The normalized difference water index was created using the RGB and intensity data coupled to the LiDAR points. The mean vertical deviation of 0.14 m found between the extracted and reference cross sections could mainly be attributed to the occurrence of water and partly to vegetation on the banks. In contrast to the cross-sectional area, the extracted width was not influenced by the environment (coefficient of determination R² = 0.87). Water and vegetation influenced the extracted ditch characteristics, but the proposed method is still robust and therefore facilitates input data acquisition and improves accuracy of spatially explicit hydrological models.  相似文献   

道路横断面图绘制方法解析     

宋大明 《测绘与空间地理信息》2016,(2):205-206

精确、快速地绘制横断面图是道路测量人员需要解决的问题。针对传统道路横断面测量方法存在横断面方向难以准确地确定、作业效率低、手工记录量大的缺点,总结出了一套将LISP语言、RTK技术和南方CASS 3者相结合的一种人机交互式绘制横断面图的新方法。该方法不仅简单灵活,而且大幅度地提高了工作效率,并保证了工作质量。  相似文献   

涪陵页岩气井长水平段漏失井固井技术应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈勇  杨伟平  冯杨 《探矿工程》2016,43(7):42-44

涪陵页岩气井钻井过程中井漏频繁,类型多样,严重影响了工程质量,特别是三开长水平段发生漏失油基钻井液甚至固井时发生漏失,影响了固井质量及后期页岩气的开采。针对长水平段漏失井特点,研究了一系列井眼准备技术、高效纤维隔离液封堵技术、管外浆柱结构优化技术、漏失井固井压稳技术,增强堵漏性能,提高固井质量。随着区域不断地扩大,地质情况复杂多变,提出了下一步的研究方向及建议。  相似文献   

胜利探区基于最优孔径的共反射面元(CRS)叠加的成功应用(英文)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

隋风贵  隋淑玲  李振春  孙小东  李芳  李栋 《应用地球物理》2009,6(4):377-383

由于CRS叠加考虑了反射层的局部特征和第一菲涅耳带内的全部反射,从而更充分地利用了多次覆盖反射数据的信息。就目前的地震资料处理技术而言,它是最佳的零偏移距成像方式。本论文利用改进型的参数优化技术,得到高质量的CRS运动学参数剖面,并利用参数剖面计算出叠加孔径,实现了基于最优孔径的CRS叠加,使CRS参数的用途得到了充分利用。模型数据和实际资料的试算表明,基于最优孔径的CRS叠加的成像剖面与传统CRS叠加剖面相比,有着较高的信噪比和同相轴的连续性。  相似文献